Iceland maintains a 200 nautical miles exclusive fishing zone (758,000 km2) that includes some of the richest fishing grounds in the world. Fisheries management in Iceland is primarily based on extensive research on the fish stocks, the marine ecosystem and biodiversity, and decisions on allowable catches are made on the basis of scientific advice from the Icelandic Marine Research Institute. Catches are effectively monitored and enforced by the Directorate of Fisheries. These are the main pillars of the Icelandic fisheries management intended to ensure responsible fisheries and the sustainability of the ocean’s natural resource.